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歐盟擬修訂ELV法規,對于鋁合金,銅合金和某些電池中的鉛的豁免條款進行更新。
2022年6月21日(ri),歐盟委員會向WTO的(de)(de)TBT委員會提(ti)交G/TBT/N/EU/901通知,擬對歐盟ELV指令(End-of Life Vehicles, Directive 2000/53/EC)的(de)(de)附(fu)件(jian)II(豁免清(qing)單)中用(yong)于加工用(yong)途(tu)的(de)(de)鋁(lv)合金,銅合金和某些電池中的(de)(de)鉛的(de)(de)豁免條款進(jin)行更新(xin)。

原(yuan)ELV法規的附件將(jiang)會被完(wan)全取代,預計的新的豁免(mian)清(qing)單如下(xia)表:
材料及部件 | 豁免(mian)范圍(wei)及期限 | 基于ELV指令4(2)章, (b)(iv)點需要加(jia)貼(tie)標簽或標識 |
Lead as an alloying element | 鉛作為合金元(yuan)素 | ||
1(a). Steel for machining purposes and batch hot dip galvanised steel components containing up to 0,35 % lead by weight 含鉛0.35%的機(ji)械加工用鋼材或熱浸漬鍍鋅(xin)鋼 | ||
1(b). Continuously galvanised steel sheet containing up to 0,35 % lead by weight 含鉛0.35 %的連續鍍鋅(xin)鋼板 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日批準(zhun)的汽車(che)類別及(ji)相應的零配件 | |
2(a). Aluminium for machining purposes with a lead content up to 2 % by weigh 含鉛2 %的機械加工的鋁 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2005 作為2005年7月1日之前上市的(de)汽車的(de)零配件(jian) | |
2(b). Aluminium with a lead content up to1,5 % by weight 含鉛1.5%的鋁 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2008 作為(wei)2008年7月1日之前上市的汽車(che)的零配件(jian) | |
2(c)(i).Aluminium alloys for machining purposes with a lead content up to 0,4 % by weight 含鉛0.4%的機械加工用(yong)鋁合(he)金(jin) | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2028 and spare parts for these vehicles 2028年1月(yue)1日前(qian)批準的汽車類型及相關零(ling)配件 | |
2(c)(ii). Aluminium alloys not included in entry 2(c)(i) with a lead content up to 0,4 % by weight 不在2(c)(i)范圍內含鉛0.4%的鋁(lv)合金(2) 備(bei)注(zhu): | (1) | |
3. Copper alloys containing up to 4 % lead by weight 含(han)鉛4%的銅合金 | (3) | |
4(a). Bearing shells and bushes 軸承外殼和襯套 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July2008 作為2008年(nian)7月1日之前上市的汽(qi)車的零配件 | |
4(b). Bearing shells and bushes in engines, transmissions and air conditioning compressors 發(fa)動機(ji)、變速箱和(he)空調(diao)壓縮機(ji)中的軸承外殼(ke)和(he)襯套 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2011 2011年7月1日之前上(shang)市的汽車的零配件 | |
Lead and lead compounds in components | 部件中的鉛(qian)和鉛(qian)的化(hua)合物 | ||
5(a). Lead in batteries in high-voltage systems (4) that are used only for propulsion in M1 and N1 vehicles M1和N1汽車僅用于(yu)高電壓(ya)系統推動(dong)力的電池中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2019 and spare parts for these vehicles 2019年1月1日批準的汽車類別(bie)及該類汽車的零配件(jian) | x |
5(b)(i). Lead in batteries used in 12 V applications 用于12V的電池中(zhong)的鉛(qian) | Vehicles and spare parts for these vehicles (3) 這類型汽車及(ji)其零配件(jian) | x |
5(b)(ii). Lead in batteries for battery applications not included in entry 5(a) and entry 5(b)(i) 5(a)和5(b)(i)不包(bao)含的(de)電池中的(de)鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2024 and spare parts for these vehicles 2024年(nian)1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件(jian) | x |
6. Vibration dampers 減震器 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日(ri)批(pi)準的汽車類別及相(xiang)應(ying)的零(ling)配件 | x |
7(a). Vulcanising agents and stabilisers for elastomers in brake hoses, fuel hoses, air ventilation hoses, elastomer/metal parts in the chassis applications, and engine mountings 用于底盤和引擎支(zhi)撐中的彈性/金屬(shu)部件,剎車軟管、燃料(liao)軟管、通(tong)風軟管的(de)彈性材料(liao)中的(de)硫(liu)化劑和穩(wen)定劑 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2005 2005年7月1日批準(zhun)的汽車的零配件 | |
7(b). Vulcanising agents and stabilisers for elastomers in brake hoses, fuel hoses, air ventilation hoses, elastomer/metal parts in the chassis applications, and engine mountings containing up to 0,5 % lead by weight 含鉛0.5%用于底盤(pan)和(he)引(yin)擎(qing)支撐中的彈性(xing)/金屬部件,剎車(che)軟管(guan)、燃料軟管(guan)、通風軟管(guan)的(de)彈性材(cai)料中(zhong)的(de)硫化劑(ji)和穩定劑(ji) | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2006 2006年7月1日(ri)批準的汽車的零配件(jian) | |
7(c). Bonding agents for elastomers in powertrain applications containing up to 0,5 % lead by weight 含鉛0.5%的用于傳動(dong)系統彈性體材料的粘合劑(ji) | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2009 2009年7月1日批(pi)準的汽車(che)的零配件(jian) | |
8(a). Lead in solders to attach electrical and electronic components to electronic circuit boards and lead in finishes on terminations of components other than electrolyte aluminium capacitors, on component pins and on electronic circuit boards 在管(guan)腳及電子(zi)線路(lu)板(ban)(ban)上用(yong)于(yu)連接電子(zi)電氣(qi)設備和電子(zi)線路(lu)板(ban)(ban)的含(han)鉛(qian)焊料及用(yong)于(yu)部件(jian)表面含(han)鉛(qian)拋光劑(除了(le)鋁電解質電容器) | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月(yue)1日批準的汽(qi)車類別及該類汽(qi)車的零配件 | X(5) |
8(b). Lead in solders in electrical applications other than soldering on electronic circuit boards or on glass 用于電氣設備的(de)(de)含鉛焊料(除(chu)電子線路板(ban)或玻璃配件的(de)(de)焊料) | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2011 and spare parts for these vehicles 2011年(nian)1月1日(ri)批準的(de)汽車類(lei)別及(ji)相(xiang)應的(de)零配件 | X(5) |
8(c). Lead in finishes on terminals of electrolyte aluminium capacitors 用于(yu)鋁電解質電容(rong)器表面的(de)含(han)鉛拋光劑 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2013 and spare parts for these vehicles 2013年1月1日批準的汽(qi)車類別及相應的零配件 | X(5) |
8(d). Lead used in soldering on glass in mass airflow sensors 用于(yu)焊接在大規模氣流傳感器中的玻(bo)璃配件的鉛(qian) | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2015 and spare parts of these vehicles 2015年1月1日(ri)批準的(de)汽車類別及相應的(de)零配件 | X(5) |
8(e). Lead in high melting temperature type solders (i.e. lead-based alloys containing 85 % by weight or more lead) 含鉛高熔點焊料(鉛含量(liang)大于(yu)(yu)等于(yu)(yu)85%) | (1) | x |
8(f)(i). Lead in compliant pin connector systems 順(shun)應(ying)針連接(jie)器系統(tong)中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2017 and spare parts for these vehicles 2017年1月(yue)1日批準的(de)汽車類(lei)別(bie)及(ji)相應的(de)零配(pei)件 | X(5) |
8(f)(ii). Lead in compliant pin connector systems other than the mating area of vehicle harness connectors 車輛(liang)線束連接(jie)器除外的(de)順(shun)應針連接(jie)器中(zhong)的(de)鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2024 and spare parts for these vehicles 2024年(nian)1月1日批(pi)準的(de)汽車類別及相應的(de)零配件(jian) | x |
8(g)(i). Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between semiconductor die and carrier within integrated circuit flip chip packages 集成(cheng)電路倒裝芯片封裝中,用于完成(cheng)半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)模具和載體(ti)(ti)之(zhi)間可視的電氣(qi)連接的焊料(liao)中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 October 2022 and spare parts for these vehicles 2022年10月1日批準的汽車類別(bie)及相應(ying)的零(ling)配件(jian) | x |
8(g)(ii). Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between the semiconductor die and the carrier within integrated circuit flip chip packages where that electrical connection consists of any of the following: (1) a semiconductor technology node of 90 nm or larger; (2) a single die of 300 mm2 or larger in any semiconductor technology node; (3) stacked die packages with dies of 300 mm2 or larger, or silicon interposers of 300mm2 or larger. 集成電路倒裝(zhuang)芯片(pian)封裝(zhuang)中,用于(yu)完成半導(dao)體(ti)模(mo)具(ju)和載體(ti)之間可視的(de)電氣(qi)連接的(de)焊料中的(de)鉛(qian),且(qie)電氣(qi)連接包(bao)含如下情況(kuang): (1) 90納米(mi)及以上的半導體(ti)技術節點; (2)在任何半導體(ti)技術(shu)節點(dian)中使用300毫米?或(huo)更大的單個晶片; (3) 300mm2以上模具或(huo)300mm2以(yi)上硅插(cha)片(pian)的堆疊模 | (1) | x |
8(h). Lead in solder to attach heat spreaders to the heat sink in power semiconductor assemblies with a chip size of at least 1 cm2 of projection area and a nominal current density of at least 1 A/mm2 of silicon chip area 用來把熱分離(li)器焊接到零件尺寸至(zhi)少為25px2面積和(he)額定電流密度(du)至少為1 A/mm2的硅芯片面(mian)積的電(dian)力半導體組(zu)件(jian)的散(san)熱(re)板上的焊(han)料中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日批(pi)準(zhun)的汽(qi)車(che)類別及該類汽(qi)車(che)的零配件 | X(5) |
8(i). Lead in solders in electrical glazing applications on glass except for soldering in laminated glazing 應用于玻璃上的(de)電器上釉(除(chu)焊接薄(bo)板的(de)上釉) | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年(nian)1月1日批準的(de)汽車類別及相應的(de)零配(pei)件 | X(5) |
8(j). Lead in solders for soldering of laminated glazing 焊(han)(han)接薄板的(de)上釉的(de)焊(han)(han)料中的(de)鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2020 and spare parts for these vehicles 2020年1月1日批準的(de)汽車類(lei)別及相應的(de)零配件 | X(5) |
8(k). Soldering of heating applications with 0,5A or more of heat current per related solder joint to single panes of laminated glazings not exceeding wall thickness of 2,1 mm. This exemption does not cover soldering to contacts embedded in the intermediate polymer. 每個相(xiang)關焊點的熱流為0.5 A或以上的(de)加熱設備,可焊接到壁厚不超過(guo)2.1毫米的(de)(de)單層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)壓玻(bo)璃上(shang)。此豁免不包括(kuo)焊接嵌入中(zhong)間聚合物的(de)(de)觸點。 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2024 and spare parts for these vehicles 2024年1月(yue)1日批準的(de)汽車類別及該類汽車的(de)零(ling)配(pei)件 | X(5) |
9. Valve seats 閥門(men)座 | As spare parts for engine types developed before 1 July 2003 2003年(nian)7月1日前研制的發動機型號的備件 | |
10(a). Electrical and electronic components, which contain lead in a glass or ceramic, in a glass or ceramic matrix compound, in a glass ceramic material, or in a glass-ceramic matrix compound. This exemption does not cover the use of lead in: (i) glass in bulbs and glaze of spark plugs, (ii) dielectric ceramic materials of components listed under 10(b), 10(c) and 10(d). 由含鉛的玻(bo)璃(li)材(cai)料、陶(tao)瓷(ci)材(cai)料或(huo)玻(bo)璃(li)陶(tao)瓷(ci)基復合材(cai)料或(huo)微晶(jing)玻(bo)璃(li)材(cai)料或(huo)微晶(jing)玻(bo)璃(li)基符合材(cai)料所制成(cheng)的電(dian)子電(dian)氣設備。這個豁(huo)免不包括以下(xia):(i)燈(deng)泡(pao)的玻璃和火(huo)花塞的釉(you)面,(ii)以下10(b),10(c)和10(d)所列(lie)的介電(dian)陶(tao)瓷材料 | X(6) (for components other than piezo in engines)用(yong)于(yu)發動(dong)機中(zhong)壓電以外(wai)的部件 | |
10(b). Lead in PZT based dielectric ceramic materials of capacitors being part of integrated circuits or discrete semiconductors 集成電(dian)(dian)路或(huo)離散半導體中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容器,其(qi)基于電(dian)(dian)解質陶瓷(ci)材料(liao)的(de)(de)壓電(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)所含的(de)(de)鉛 | ||
10(c). Lead in dielectric ceramic materials of capacitors with a rated voltage of less than 125 V AC or 250 V DC 額(e)定電壓不足125V(交流(liu))或250V(直流(liu))的電容器,其電介質陶(tao)瓷材(cai)料所(suo)含的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月(yue)1日批準的(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)類(lei)別及該類(lei)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)零配件 | |
10(d). Lead in the dielectric ceramic materials of capacitors compensating the temperature-related deviations of sensors in ultrasonic sonar systems 平衡超聲(sheng)波聲(sheng)納(na)系(xi)統中(zhong)的溫度(du)差異傳(chuan)感器(qi)的電(dian)容(rong)器(qi),其電(dian)介質陶瓷材(cai)料所含的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2017 and spare parts for these vehicles 2017年1月1日(ri)批準(zhun)的汽車(che)類別及該類汽車(che)的零配件 | |
11. Pyrotechnic initiators 點火裝置 | Vehicles type approved before 1 July 2006 and spare parts for these vehicles 2006年7月1日批準的(de)汽車(che)類別及相應的(de)零(ling)配件 | |
12. Lead-containing thermoelectric materials in automotive electrical applications to reduce CO2 emissions by recuperation of exhaust heat 為降低二氧化碳排放,在(zai)用余熱(re)回收(shou)的汽車(che)熱(re)電(dian)材(cai)料(liao)中添加(jia)的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2019 and spare parts for these vehicles 2019年1月1日批準的(de)(de)汽(qi)車類別(bie)及(ji)相應的(de)(de)零(ling)配件 | x |
Hexavalent chromium | 六價鉻(ge) | ||
13(a). Corrosion preventive coatings 防腐涂層(ceng) | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2007 2007年(nian)7月1日前投放市場的汽(qi)車的零部件 | |
13(b). Corrosion preventive coatings related to bolt and nut assemblies for chassis applications 底盤(pan)的(de)螺母和螺釘的(de)防腐(fu)涂層 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2008 2008年7月1日前投放市場(chang)的(de)汽(qi)車的(de)零部件 | |
14. Hexavalent chromium as an anti-corrosion agent of the carbon steel cooling system in absorption refrigerators up to 0,75 % by weight in the cooling solution: (a) designed to operate fully or partly with electrical heater, having an average utilised electrical power input < 75W at constant running conditions; (b) designed to operate fully or partly with electrical heater, having an average utilised electrical power input ≥ 75W at constant running conditions; (c) designed to fully operate with nonelectrical heater. 六價(jia)鉻(ge)作(zuo)為碳素鋼冷卻系統的(de)防銹劑,在吸收式(shi)電冰箱的(de)冷卻溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)重(zhong)量可達0,75%: (a)設計完全(quan)或(huo)部分(fen)使用電加熱器運行,在恒定運行條(tiao)件下(xia)平均使用電力輸入< 75W; (b)設(she)計完全或部(bu)分使用電加熱器運行,在恒定運行條件下(xia)平均使用電力輸入≥75W; (c)設(she)計(ji)完(wan)全使用非電加熱器。 | For (i): Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2020 and spare parts for these vehicles For (ii): Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2026 and spare parts for these vehicles
對于(i),2020年1月1日批準的汽(qi)車類別及(ji)該類汽(qi)車的零配件;
對于(yu)(ii),2026年1月1日批準的汽(qi)車(che)類別及該類汽(qi)車(che)的零配(pei)件; | x |
Mercury | 汞(gong) | ||
15(a). Discharge lamps for headlight application 用(yong)于汽車前燈(deng)的放電(dian)燈(deng) | Vehicles type approved before 1 July 2012 and spare parts for these vehicles 2012年1月1日批準的汽車(che)類別及該類汽車(che)的零配件 | x |
15(b). Fluorescent tubes used in instrument panel displays 用(yong)于儀表盤的熒光管 | Vehicles type approved before 1 July 2012 and spare parts for these vehicles 2012年1月1日批(pi)準的(de)汽車(che)類別(bie)及相應的(de)零(ling)配件(jian) | x |
Cadmium | 鎘 | ||
16. Batteries for electrical vehicles 電(dian)動汽車(che)電(dian)池 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 31 December 2008 2008年12月(yue)31日前投入(ru)市(shi)場的汽(qi)車的零部件 | |
Notes to the table | 表中的備注:
1. This exemption shall be reviewed in 2024 | 這(zhe)項(xiang)豁免將于2024年再次審核。
2. Applies to aluminium alloys where lead is not intentionally introduced, but is present due to the use of recycled aluminium. | 適用于非故(gu)意(yi)添加鉛,但(dan)由于鋁(lv)的循環使用導致含(han)鉛的鋁(lv)合金。
3. This exemption shall be reviewed in 2025. | 這(zhe)項豁免將(jiang)于2025年再次(ci)審核(he)。
4. Systems that have a voltage of > 75 V DC as provided for in Article 1 of Directive 2014/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits. | 根(gen)據2014年2月26日歐洲議會和理事會的(de)(de)(de)指令2014/35/EU的(de)(de)(de)第1條(tiao)規定,具有> 75 V DC電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)系統(稱(cheng)為(wei)高電壓(ya)(ya)系統)。該指令是關于協調(diao)成員(yuan)國在市場(chang)上提供設計用(yong)于特定電壓(ya)(ya)范圍內使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電氣設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)法律。
5. Dismantling if, in correlation with entry 10(a), an average threshold of 60 grams per vehicle is exceeded. For the purposes of this note electronic devices not installed by the manufacturer on the production line shall not be taken into account. | 在(zai)第10(a)段,如果超過每輛車60克的平均臨界值(zhi),則廢除(chu)。就本(ben)說明而(er)言,制(zhi)造商未(wei)在(zai)生產線上安(an)裝的電子(zi)設備不應被考慮(lv)在(zai)內。
6. Dismantling if, in correlation with entries 8(a) to 8(j), an average threshold of 60 grams per vehicle is exceeded. For the purposes of this note electronic devices not installed by the manufacturer on the production line shall not be taken into account. | 就第8(a)至8( j )項而言,如超過每輛車60克的平均臨界值,則廢除(chu)。就本說明而言,制(zhi)造商未在生產線上安(an)裝的電子設備不應被考慮在內(nei)。
關于ELV
ELV(End-of-Life Vehicle)即報廢(fei)車(che)輛指令(ling)(ling)。ELV為歐(ou)盟委員會和(he)歐(ou)洲(zhou)議會為保護(hu)環(huan)境,減少車(che)輛報廢(fei)產生的廢(fei)棄物,制定的報廢(fei)車(che)輛回收(shou)指令(ling)(ling)。
一方面,自(zi)2003年(nian)7月以后生產(chan)的汽車禁用鉛、鎘(ge)、汞(gong)和(he)六價鉻四種有害物:
· 同材質物料所(suo)含的鉛(qian)、汞、六價鉻,最高濃度不得超過重量的0.1%(1000ppm);
· 同(tong)材(cai)質物料所含(han)的鎘,最(zui)高濃(nong)度不得超(chao)過重量的0.01%(100ppm);
· 不同(tong)材質、不同(tong)顏色和(he)相同(tong)材質不同(tong)顏色都必須分別滿足以上要求。
另一方(fang)面(mian)為提高報廢汽車回(hui)收(shou)利(li)用(yong)率,回(hui)收(shou)費用(yong)成本的全部(bu)或大部(bu)分由制造廠(chang)承擔。制定了多(duo)項(xiang)回(hui)收(shou)指標,如:
· 2006年1月1日起,每年每一(yi)輛報廢汽車其平均(jun)重量至少(shao)有85%能夠被再利用,其中,材(cai)料回(hui)收率(lv)至少(shao)為80%;
· 2015年1月1日起,這兩項指(zhi)標將(jiang)分別提升至95%和85%。
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